Tobias Wraxall, payout maths reviewer
Payout Maths Reviewer
Our reviewer

Tobias Wraxall

Tobias Wraxall spent eleven years in independent game-testing laboratories, comparing submitted maths documents with the paytable files inside the games themselves. He now applies the same suspicion to every figure published on this site, from RTP profiles to the price of a bonus buy.

Payout mathsRTP profilesStake limits
11 yrsin game testing labs
3source tiers behind each figure
0unchecked numbers left on a page
Checklist

Six Checks Before Sign-Off

Six questions are put to every page, and a page is not signed off until each one has a written answer.

01

Does the paytable match the game?

Symbol values are compared with the in-game screen at two different stakes, so that a value quoted as a multiple of the bet really scales the way the page says it does.

02

Does the RTP name its profile?

A page must say which RTP it quotes and mention that lower profiles may be in use, because the difference between profiles is a real cost for the reader.

03

Do derived numbers survive recalculation?

Spins per balance, buy costs and percentage gaps are rebuilt from scratch in a fresh sheet, not copied from the draft's own arithmetic.

04

Are the limits current?

Stake ranges, caps and buy prices are checked against the demo at the stake shown and against the rules that apply in the market the page addresses.

05

Does the hit rate say what it measures?

Hit frequency, volatility and top-prize odds are three separate ideas. Any sentence that lets one stand in for another is rewritten.

06

Is the risk wording proportionate?

Warnings sit next to the claim they qualify, at the same volume, and not in a footer where nobody reads them.

The lab view

Treating a Published Number as a Claim to Be Checked

In a testing lab a number is never simply a number. It belongs to a build, a jurisdiction, a bet level and a document version, and an auditor's first question is which of those it comes from. Tobias spent his early career re-running simulations, matching paytable configurations to the maths sheets a studio had submitted, and writing up every place where the two did not quite agree.

That training shaped how he reads gambling content. RTP is a claim about a specific profile, and slots often ship in several. Hit frequency describes how often something pays, not how much, and it says nothing about the odds of the top prize. A buy feature price is a multiple of a stake that changes with the stake. Each of these differences is easy to blur in a sentence, and blurred sentences are where readers get misled.

His role on this site is narrow on purpose. He does not judge whether a game is fun. He decides whether every figure on the page is attached to the right version, whether every derived number survives a fresh calculation, and whether the wording around a risk is as strong as the wording around a reward. Pages are published only after that sign-off.

A number is only as good as the version it belongs to, so every figure on a page has to say which one.

Review flow

How a Page Gets Signed Off

Source ladder

each figure is filed as provider page, in-game info screen, game data or second-hand, and second-hand figures need a stronger reason to stay

Recalculation

every derived number is rebuilt in a new sheet by someone who has not seen the draft's arithmetic

Disagreement list

where sources differ, the difference is written down and one figure is chosen with a stated reason

Sign-off note

the page goes live together with a short record of what was checked and when

A designer writes, an auditor recomputes

Tobias reads what Imogen Pallister writes with the game's rules screen open beside the draft, and sends back a query for every figure he cannot trace.

Meet Imogen